![]() Exceptions are made for some products only used by children, e.g. mixtures, suppositories) are assigned the DDD used for adults. It should be emphasised that even special pharmaceutical forms mainly intended for children (e.g. When the recommended dose refers to body weight, an adult is considered to be a person of 70 kg. The average adult dose recommended for the main indication as reflected by the ATC code.The assigned DDD is based on the following principles: When a new DDD is assigned, various sources are used to get the best overview of the actual or expected use of a substance. Exceptions to this rule are given in the guidelines of the relevant ATC groups.įor substances indicated for rare disorders with highly individual dosing schedules, the Working Group could decide not to assign a DDD.ĭDDs are not established for topical products, sera, vaccines, antineoplastic agents, allergen extracts, general and local anesthetics and contrast media. The basic principle is to assign only one DDD per route of administration within an ATC code.ĭDDs for single substances are normally based on monotherapy. General principles for DDD assignment (to the top)ĭDDs are only assigned to drugs with an ATC code and a DDD will normally not be assigned for a substance before a product is approved and marketed in at least one country. DDDs provide a fixed unit of measurement independent of price, currencies, package size and strength enabling the researcher to assess trends in drug consumption and to perform comparisons between population groups. The DDD is sometimes a “dose” that is rarely if ever prescribed, because it might be an average of two or more commonly used doses.ĭrug utilization data presented in DDDs only give a rough estimate of consumption and not an exact picture of actual use. The DDD is nearly always a compromise based on a review of available information including doses used in various countries when this information is available. O nly one DDD is assigned per ATC code and route of administration (e.g. Therapeutic doses for individual patients and patient groups will often differ from the DDD as they will be based on individual characteristics (such as age, weight, ethnic differences, type and severity of disease) and pharmacokinetic considerations. The DDD is a unit of measurement and does not necessarily reflect the recommended or Prescribed Daily Dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. The classification of a substance in the ATC/DDD system is therefore not a recommendation for use and it does not imply any judgements about efficacy or relative efficacy of drugs and groups of drugs.The basic definition of the defined daily dose (DDD) is: An important aim of drug utilization is to monitor rational as well as irrational drug use as an important step in improving the quality of drug use. It is essential that a tool for drug utilization monitoring and research is able to cover most medicines available on the market. For this reason the ATC/DDD system by itself is not suitable for guiding decisions about reimbursement, pricing and therapeutic substitution. There is a strong reluctance to make changes to classifications or DDDs where such changes are requested for reasons not directly related to drug consumption studies. One component of this is the presentation and comparison of drug consumption statistics at international and other levels.Ī major aim of the Centre and Working Group is to maintain stable ATC codes and DDDs over time to allow trends in drug consumption to be studied without the complication of frequent changes to the system. The purpose of the ATC/DDD system is to serve as a tool for drug utilization monitoring and research in order to improve quality of drug use. ![]()
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